山东三所新材料技术有限公司

实施近红外伪装多是对目标的红外辐射特性进行改进使其难以被发现。由于红外线没有颜色之分，目标被侦查到多是因为其亮度与背景不同。在近红外波段，由于红外侦查主要根据反射光谱，所以要使目标的近红外反射光谱与背景相似。

Implementing near-infrared camouflage often involves improving the infrared radiation characteristics of targets to make them difficult to detect. Due to the lack of color differentiation in infrared, targets are detected more often because their brightness is different from the background. In the near-infrared band, as infrared reconnaissance mainly relies on the reflection spectrum, it is necessary to make the near-infrared reflection spectrum of the target similar to the background.

对于单兵伪装服而言，实现近红外伪装一般采用低发射率的近红外伪装涂料或染料。早在20世纪70年代国外就开始研究近红外涂料。美国早研究出一种四色迷彩涂料，可以同时防可见光、近红外光和紫外光，以黄褐色、褐色为主，暗绿色和黑色为辅。在国内，顺奎等发明了一种新型多谱段伪装涂料，能同时防可见光、近红外和热红外探测，性能优异。郭利等以聚氨酯为基体，研制了一种与植物反射光谱相似的近红外伪装涂层，有效提高了近红外伪装性能。

For individual camouflage suits, low emissivity near-infrared camouflage coatings or dyes are generally used to achieve near-infrared camouflage. As early as the 1970s, research on near-infrared coatings began abroad. The United States has developed a four color camouflage coating that can simultaneously prevent visible light, near-infrared light, and ultraviolet light, with yellow brown and brown as the main colors, and dark green and black as auxiliary colors. In China, Wang Shunkui and others have invented a new type of multi band camouflage coating that can simultaneously prevent visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared detection, with excellent performance. Guo Li et al. developed a near-infrared camouflage coating using polyurethane as the substrate, which is similar to the plant reflection spectrum, effectively improving the near-infrared camouflage performance.

红外涂层的方法工艺简单、效率高，但是涂层会导致伪装服的透气性下降、服用性能差、耐水洗性差等问题，所以红外伪装染料又成为了研究新方向。原CIBA（汽巴）和BASF（巴斯夫）公司研制出适用于纤维素纤维织物的还原染料（CI还原黑27、CI还原棕1等），这些染料发射率低，具有良好的近红外伪装效果，在可见光波段也有很好的防护效果。徐园园研究了还原染料对织物近红外伪装性能的影响，发现灰黑染料能有效调节织物在可见光波段的反射率，炭黑则能调节近红外波段的反射率。

The method of infrared coating is simple and efficient, but the coating can lead to decreased breathability, poor wearing performance, and poor water washing resistance of camouflage clothing. Therefore, infrared camouflage dyes have become a new research direction. CIBA (Ciba) and BASF (BASF) have developed reducing dyes (CI reduced black 27, CI reduced brown 1, etc.) suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. These dyes have low emissivity, good near-infrared camouflage effect, and good protective effect in the visible light band. Xu Yuanyuan studied the effect of reducing dyes on the near-infrared camouflage performance of fabrics and found that gray black dyes can effectively adjust the reflectivity of fabrics in the visible light band, while carbon black can adjust the reflectivity in the near-infrared band.

在热红外波段，红外侦视主要依据目标发射的红外特征信号。常用的是利用低发射率涂料对织物进行涂层整理，通常采用的是金属颜料，尤其是片状金属颜料如铝粉、铜粉等。金属颜料在红外波段对红外辐射有较强的反射和发射能力，所以金属颜料的热红外伪装效果很好。徐共荣等以林地和荒漠为背景，采用片状铜粉开发了一种具有低发射率的热红外隐身涂料，具有良好的热红外伪装性能和可见光伪装效果。何亮等用片状铝粉制备了一种热红外伪装涂料，能满足热红外伪装要求。但是，金属颜料也存在一定缺陷，因金属颜料的着色力强，且对雷达、可见光的反射能力强，因此不利于伪装服的综合伪装性能。

In the thermal infrared band, infrared detection is mainly based on the infrared characteristic signals emitted by the target. The commonly used method is to use low emissivity coatings for coating and finishing of fabrics, usually using metal pigments, especially sheet metal pigments such as aluminum powder, copper powder, etc. Metal pigments have a strong ability to reflect and emit infrared radiation in the infrared band, so their thermal infrared camouflage effect is very good. Xu Gongrong et al. developed a low emissivity thermal infrared stealth coating using sheet copper powder against the backdrop of forests and deserts, which has good thermal infrared camouflage performance and visible light camouflage effect. He Liang et al. prepared a thermal infrared camouflage coating using flake aluminum powder, which can meet the requirements of thermal infrared camouflage. However, metal pigments also have certain drawbacks, as they have strong coloring power and strong reflection ability towards radar and visible light, which is not conducive to the comprehensive camouflage performance of camouflage suits.

此外，半导体材料的伪装性能良好，但是成本高，制备工艺复杂，目前还不能满足批量化生产的需求；另有研究表明，用磁控溅射的方法制备薄膜材料具有很大的应用优势，薄膜发射率低，厚度薄且质量轻，方便士兵穿着，但同样存在成本高等问题。

In addition, the camouflage performance of semiconductor materials is good, but the cost is high and the preparation process is complex, which currently cannot meet the needs of mass production; Other studies have shown that using magnetron sputtering to prepare thin film materials has great application advantages, such as low emissivity, thin thickness, and light weight, which are convenient for soldiers to wear, but also have high costs.

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