山东三所新材料技术有限公司

　　在现代战场上，有一种能让坦克、直升机甚至军事阵地“隐身”的装备——伪装网。它就像给武器装备披上的“保护伞”，能大幅降低被敌方侦察发现的概率。根据我国军标GJB 434定义，伪装网是“具有装饰材料的网状结构物”，而如今的轻型伪装网，更是凭借轻便、高效的特点，成为战场伪装的“主力军”。

　　On the modern battlefield, there is a device that can make tanks, helicopters, and even military positions "invisible" - camouflage nets. It is like a "protective umbrella" draped over weapons and equipment, which can significantly reduce the probability of being detected by enemy reconnaissance. According to the definition of our national military standard GJB 434, camouflage nets are "mesh structures with decorative materials", and today's lightweight camouflage nets have become the "main force" of battlefield camouflage due to their lightweight and efficient characteristics.

　　一、伪装网的分类

　　1、 Classification of camouflage nets

　　伪装网主要依据两个维度分类：

　　The camouflage network is mainly classified based on two dimensions:

　　1.根据我国军标GJB 7927要求，按伪装性能主要分为：I型，能与特定背景环境（如林地、沙漠）在颜色和光谱反射特性上高度匹配的伪装网。II型：采用标准伪装色系，在颜色和光谱反射特性上达到标准要求的伪装网。

　　According to the requirements of our national military standard GJB 7927, camouflage nets are mainly divided into Type I, which can highly match the color and spectral reflection characteristics of specific background environments (such as forests and deserts). Type II: A camouflage net that uses a standard camouflage color scheme and meets the standard requirements in terms of color and spectral reflectance characteristics.

　　2.按防护侦察波段主要分为：

　　2. According to the protection reconnaissance band, it is mainly divided into:

　　（1）防光学侦察伪装网，可以对抗肉眼和光学仪器；

　　(1) Anti optical reconnaissance camouflage net, capable of countering the naked eye and optical instruments;

　　（2）防中远红外侦察伪装网，可以对抗热成像仪；

　　(2) Anti mid to far infrared reconnaissance camouflage network, capable of countering thermal imagers;

　　（3）防雷达侦察伪装网，可以对抗雷达波；

　　(3) Anti radar reconnaissance camouflage net, capable of countering radar waves;

　　（4）防多波段侦察伪装网能同时对抗以上多种侦察手段，集光学、中远红外和雷达防护于一体，是当前发展的主要方向；

　　(4) The anti multi band reconnaissance camouflage network can simultaneously counter multiple reconnaissance methods, integrating optical, mid infrared, and radar protection, and is currently the main direction of development;

　　（5）其他特殊用途伪装网，其中，轻型伪装网凭借其减轻重量、缩短伪装作业时间的优势，显著提升了部队的机动性和快速反应能力，因此“轻型化、便携化”同样是伪装网发展的重要趋势。

　　(5) Other special purpose camouflage nets, among which lightweight camouflage nets have significantly improved the mobility and rapid response capabilities of troops due to their advantages of reducing weight and shortening camouflage operation time. Therefore, "lightweight and portable" are also important trends in the development of camouflage nets.

　　二、轻型伪装网的发展历程（以美军为例）第二次世界大战时期，制式伪装网得到应用，但功能单一，主要对抗可见光侦察，材料多为棉麻。随着侦察技术覆盖光学、红外、雷达的全波段和纺织新材料的涌现，伪装网的材料、性能和原理发生了革命性变化。现代轻型伪装遮蔽系统(LCSS - 1970年代)是模块化设计，具备防可见光、近红外和雷达侦察能力，提供林地、沙漠、雪地等多种环境配色，并有雷达散射型和雷达透射型之分，以适应不同装备。美国陆军用FM20-3型LCSS超轻型伪装网系统(ULCANS - 1990年代末):专为提升陆航直升机隐蔽性设计，重量比LCSS减轻约26%。其关键突破在于显著提升了中远红外（达2.5μm）防护能力，热传输减少42%，同时保持光学和雷达隐身性能。采用模块化设计，易于部署。美军用超轻型伪装网络系统（ULCANS）超轻型伪装网系统增强版(ULCANS Increment I - 2018年起)是对ULCANS的重大升级，最大创新在于单面伪装网正反两面具备沙漠/城镇、雪地/高山等不同的环境伪装能力，适应性更强。采用极轻量化设计（约165g/m），无切花结构不易勾挂，无需支撑杆，便于修补

　　2、 The development process of lightweight camouflage nets (taking the US military as an example) During World War II, standard camouflage nets were applied, but their functions were single, mainly to resist visible light reconnaissance, and the materials were mostly cotton and linen. With the emergence of reconnaissance technology covering the entire spectrum of optics, infrared, and radar, as well as new textile materials, the materials, performance, and principles of camouflage nets have undergone revolutionary changes. The Modern Lightweight Camry and Sheltering System (LCSS -1970s) is a modular design that provides protection against visible light, near-infrared, and radar reconnaissance capabilities. It offers a variety of environmental colors such as forests, deserts, and snow, and is available in radar scattering and transmission types to accommodate different equipment. The US Army uses the FM20-3 LCSS Ultra Light Camouflage Network System (ULCANS - late 1990s): specifically designed to enhance the concealment of land and air helicopters, with a weight reduction of approximately 26% compared to LCSS. The key breakthrough lies in significantly improving the mid to far infrared (up to 2.5 μ m) protection capability, reducing heat transfer by 42%, while maintaining optical and radar stealth performance. Adopting modular design, easy to deploy. The US military's Ultra Light Camouflage Network System (ULCANS) Ultra Light Camouflage Network System Increment I (since 2018) is a major upgrade to ULCANS. The biggest innovation is that the single-sided camouflage network has the ability to camouflage different environments such as deserts/towns, snow/mountains on both sides, with stronger adaptability. Adopting an extremely lightweight design (about 165g/m), there is no cut flower structure that is difficult to hook, and no need for support rods, making it easy to repair

　　三、轻型伪装网的结构与材料（以美军系统为例）虽然不同系统结构各异，但核心组件通常包括：

　　3、 The structure and materials of lightweight camouflage nets (taking the US military system as an example) may vary depending on the system structure, but the core components typically include:

　　1.伪装屏：核心部分由聚酯网等网状基底和附着其上的切花迷彩布、无切花聚酯层等伪装材料构成，提供视觉和光谱伪装。雷达防护型通常混入不锈钢等金属纤维来散射雷达波。

　　1. Disguise screen: The core part is composed of a mesh substrate such as polyester mesh and camouflage materials such as cut flower camouflage cloth and polyester layer without cut flowers attached to it, providing visual and spectral camouflage. Radar protection type is usually mixed with metal fibers such as stainless steel to scatter radar waves.

　　2.支撑系统：支撑杆(LCSS/ULCANS)：用于撑起伪装屏。锚桩：将伪装网固定在地面。连接件/系紧带：连接多块伪装屏或固定到支撑杆。形状干扰器(ULCANS)：增加外形不规则性，增强伪装效果，并在大风中稳定伪装网。

　　2. Support system: Support rods (LCSS/ULCANS): used to support the camouflage screen. Anchor post: Fix the camouflage net on the ground. Connecting piece/tie strap: Connect multiple camouflage screens or fix them to support rods. ULCANS shape disruptor: increases the irregularity of the appearance, enhances the camouflage effect, and stabilizes the camouflage net in strong winds.

　　3.运输与储存：专用的运输箱用于包装和运输伪装屏及支撑组件。4.维修包：包含备用伪装布、缝纫线等修补材料和工具，用于战场快速修复。轻型伪装网通过材料科学和结构设计的进步，在提供强大隐蔽保护的同时，最大限度地减轻了士兵负担，提升了部队在现代战争环境下的机动性和生存能力。它就像一件精心编织的“隐形斗篷”，在矛与盾的对抗中，持续守护着军事目标的安全。

　　3. Transportation and Storage: Specialized transport boxes are used for packaging and transporting camouflage screens and supporting components. 4. Repair kit: includes spare camouflage cloth, sewing thread and other repair materials and tools for quick repair on the battlefield. Through advances in material science and structural design, lightweight camouflage nets provide powerful covert protection while minimizing the burden on soldiers and enhancing the mobility and survival capabilities of troops in modern warfare environments. It is like a carefully woven 'invisibility cloak', constantly guarding the safety of military targets in the confrontation of spears and shields.

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