山东三所新材料技术有限公司

智能仿生伪装材料

Intelligent biomimetic camouflage materials

伪装是对抗侦察和攻击的关键技术, 是保障工程生存能力的重要手段。现代战争条件下,伪装材料必须具备多波段和多时段自适应的伪装性能, 在抵御不同波段的侦察的同时, 随不同时段的环境改变而智能变化一些高分子智能材料能够兼容可见光、近红外和热红外三个波段的反射光谱特征, 并屏蔽雷达和探测器, 具备与背景同步变化的自适应能力, 与自然界的背景及植物特性基本一致。将其与纤维材料复合, 就能研制出多波段、自适应的智能化复合伪装材料。

Disguise is a key technology for countering reconnaissance and attacks, and an important means of ensuring the survival capability of engineering. Under the conditions of modern warfare, camouflage materials must possess adaptive camouflage performance in multiple bands and periods. While resisting reconnaissance in different bands, some polymer intelligent materials can intelligently change with changes in the environment in different periods. Some polymer intelligent materials can be compatible with the reflection spectral characteristics of visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared bands, and shield radar and detectors, possessing the adaptive ability to change synchronously with the background, Basically consistent with the natural background and plant characteristics. By combining it with fiber materials, a multi band, adaptive intelligent composite camouflage material can be developed.

高分子智能材料

Polymer intelligent materials

凝胶材料

Gel material

国内外对于高分子智能凝胶的研究较为活跃, 主要包括凝胶结构、凝胶功能以及凝胶应用方面的研究。在凝胶应用方面, 主要侧重于缓释凝胶、形状记忆凝胶、潜热储热凝胶等方面的研究开发。在凝胶的功能及其与纤维材料的复合方面取得了一定的进展, 并为高分子凝胶仿生伪装材料的研制提供了方向和借鉴。

The research on polymer intelligent gel is relatively active at home and abroad, mainly including the research on gel structure, gel function and gel application. In the application of gel, it mainly focuses on the research and development of sustained-release gel, shape memory gel and latent heat storage gel. Some progress has been made in the function of gel and its composite with fiber materials, which provides direction and reference for the development of polymer gel bionic camouflage materials.

叶绿素仿生材料

Chlorophyll biomimetic materials

高谱成像是一种全新的对地观测技术，光谱分辨率能达到5nm到10nm，分辨目标与背景的微小差异。对抗高谱侦查，必须使目标与背景在光谱特征上匹配。而对叶片进行仿生, 研制出和植被叶片反射光谱特征高度相似的仿生伪装材料, 可以有效实现该目标。

High spectral imaging is a novel Earth observation technique with spectral resolution ranging from 5nm to 10nm, which can distinguish small differences between targets and backgrounds. To counter hyperspectral reconnaissance, it is necessary to match the target with the background in terms of spectral characteristics. Developing biomimetic camouflage materials with highly similar reflective spectral characteristics to vegetation leaves through biomimetic modeling can effectively achieve this goal.

叶片中富含的叶绿素对可见光波段的反射光谱起决定作用, 其特征吸收使反射光谱的反射率在可见光谱范围内整体较低, 这也是植被肉眼看上去呈绿色的原因;叶片中的水分是决定短波红外波段 (1300nm之后) 的主要因素, 叶片在1440nm和1920nm处出现的两个水分吸收谷是其特征吸收所致。

The chlorophyll rich in leaves plays a decisive role in the visible light reflection spectrum, and its characteristic absorption results in a lower overall reflectance of the reflection spectrum within the visible spectrum range, which is also the reason why vegetation appears green to the naked eye; The moisture in the leaves is the main factor determining the shortwave infrared band (after 1300nm), and the two water absorption valleys that appear in the leaves at 1440nm and 1920nm are due to their characteristic absorption.

高强纤维材料

High strength fiber materials

高强度的纤维材料具有阻燃烧、耐磨损、制作伪装遮障等多种用途。将其用于伪装材料时, 可将其与适应周围背景的色调结合, 变换组合, 提高伪装目标的可见光波段的光谱反射系数, 从而使其与地物环境背景 (如沙石、林地、草坪、枯叶、泥土等) 的反射系数相近。如此便可在肉眼的观测上使伪装目标和地物背景的亮度接近, 从而达到降低伪装目标显著性的效果。

High strength fiber materials have various uses such as flame retardancy, wear resistance, and making camouflage and shielding. When using it as a camouflage material, it can be combined with the color tone that adapts to the surrounding background, transformed and combined to improve the spectral reflection coefficient of the camouflage target in the visible light band, so that it is similar to the reflection coefficient of the ground environment background (such as sand, rocks, forests, lawns, dead leaves, soil, etc.). In this way, the brightness of the camouflage target and the ground background can be observed with the naked eye, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the saliency of the camouflage target.

对同一种伪装材料而言, 同时具备雷达波段高吸收和红外低发射率十分困难。因此, 可以在制备时, 通过多种结构、多层材料复合的方式, 来达到伪装材料多波段伪装的目标。通过遮障和隐蔽的手段达到反红外伪装的目的;通过融合变形的方式以实现反可见光伪装的目标;通过雷达波的方法吸收实现了反雷达伪装目标;用多层复合的方式, 有效地将光学、力学和电磁等不同方面伪装需求分散到不同结构面层上, 终取得了综合伪装的效果。这一思路也是未来制备多波段仿生伪装材料的一个方向。

It is very difficult for the same camouflage material to have both high radar absorption and low infrared emissivity. Therefore, the goal of multi band camouflage of camouflage materials can be achieved through multiple structures and multi-layer material composites during preparation. To achieve the purpose of anti infrared camouflage through blocking and concealment methods; To achieve the goal of anti visible light camouflage through fusion deformation; By absorbing radar waves, anti radar camouflage targets were achieved; By using a multi-layer composite approach, the camouflage requirements of optics, mechanics, and electromagnetism are effectively dispersed onto different structural surface layers, ultimately achieving a comprehensive camouflage effect. This approach is also a direction for the future preparation of multi band biomimetic camouflage materials.

仿生材料的伪装效果

The camouflage effect of biomimetic materials

通过下图可以看出, 叶绿素仿生伪装材料与樟树叶片的反射光谱呈现出很高的相似度, 部分波段仿生伪装材料的反射率略高于樟树叶片, 并且未来可以通过改变材料的成分和配比，以实现反射光谱更好的重合从而达到更好的伪装效果。

From the figure below, it can be seen that the chlorophyll biomimetic camouflage material exhibits a high similarity in the reflection spectra of camphor tree leaves. In some bands, the reflectivity of biomimetic camouflage materials is slightly higher than that of camphor tree leaves. In the future, by changing the composition and ratio of the materials, better overlap of the reflection spectra can be achieved to achieve better camouflage effects.

此外, 具有隐身效果的生物材料制成的伪装衣, 也将该领域的发展趋势, 在未来战场上为提高战斗力和减少伤亡损失提供有力支持。伪装衣就是具有全波谱变色效果的一种变色蛋白纤维。用这种纤维可以做能成变色的织物, 随着外界环境的改变而自动变色。目前国外正在研究一款自适应生物伪装衣, 不仅能够随着周围背景环境变化而变色, 而且还能屏蔽各类探测器的侦察监视。

In addition, camouflage suits made of biomaterials with stealth effects will also lead the development trend in this field, providing strong support for improving combat effectiveness and reducing casualties in future battlefields. A camouflage suit is a type of color changing protein fiber that has a full spectrum color changing effect. This type of fiber can be used to make fabrics that can change color automatically with changes in the external environment. At present, a self-adaptive biological camouflage suit is being studied abroad, which can not only change color with changes in the surrounding background environment, but also shield various detectors from reconnaissance and surveillance.

高分子智能仿生伪装材料，能模仿植物和背景特征，从而达到对抗新型侦查探测手段的目标，是一种很有前景的伪装材料。

Polymer intelligent biomimetic camouflage materials can mimic plant and background characteristics, thereby achieving the goal of countering new reconnaissance and detection methods, and are a very promising camouflage material.

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